Nuremberg Code
lVoluntary informed consent
lResearch should yield useful results
lBase research on prior work (animals)
lAvoid suffering and protect from injury
lRisk must be outweighed by importance
lFreedom to withdraw
•Nuremburg Code was the result of the Nuremburg Trials and articulated the basic concepts followed today – Principally -
•Voluntariness
•Informed Consent
•Freedom to withdraw
•Written as part of the judgement against Nazi doctors
•Prosecutors did not have a standard by which to judge the conduct of the doctors – It was obvious that they had done the wrong thing, but how do you decide.
•Doctors were ultimately convicted of murder – not for being bad researchers
•Ultimately had little effect on how research was being conducted in the US and most of the world – Viewed as something related to criminal research and not applicable to “well-meaning” physicians/researchers