Research Misconduct - Judging
¡Represent a “significant departure from accepted practices;” ¡intentionally, or knowingly, or recklessly;” and ¡be “proven by a preponderance of evidence.”
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These further stipulations limit the Federal Government’s role in research misconduct (fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism) to well-documented, serious departures from accepted research practices.

It establishes a minimum standard fro measuring acceptable behavior, not a standard for judging all research behavior.